Lowell's

To-Do List for Lexington: Postscript

(Part of the To-Do List for Lexington series.  Click here for an overview and links to the rest of the series.)

Every night we go through the same routine.

After he takes his bath and gets his pajamas on, we go to his room.  I sit in the recliner, and he clambers up into my lap.  We pull a book from the shelf - the books are getting longer now - and I add a bit of vocal drama as I read to him.  

His little brain absorbs everything - pictures, sounds, words.  He asks lots of questions now, too.  We finish the book, and place it back on the shelf.

I pick him up, and we say good night to mementos from his young life, scattered about the room.  It started with 2 or 3 items after finishing Goodnight Moon, but has steadily grown to a list of 13 things: a stuffed polar bear and penguin from his great-grandmother, a huge stuffed giraffe, and an array of other objects from around the room.

I take him down the hall to say a final good night to Mommy, and we go back to his room.  I sit back in the recliner as he turns out the light, and we find each other in the darkness.  I pull him up into my lap, and give him a little water to drink.  I tell him "that's enough", and place the cup back on the shelf. 

I pull him up onto my chest, and he places his head on my shoulder.  After a few seconds of silence, I tell him I love him in Spanish: "Te amo, Carson" and he responds "te amo, Daddy"*.  He's starting to get tired now, and his words are slurring slightly.  I then quote from one of my favorite baby books, and he matches my cadence shortly after I start: "I love you through and through - yesterday, today, and tomorrow, too."  Then, "I love you, Carson" followed by a barely audible "I love you, Daddy".

I hold him tight.  In the darkness, silent except for our slow breathing, I feel the twinge of nostalgia for this moment.  He turns 3 this week.  He's growing so fast, and it won't be too long before he needs to be independent from hugs and kisses from his dad.  It won't be long before we won't experience this kind of closeness.

My mind wanders a bit as I ponder our future, his future.  I am holding so much potential in my arms.  What kind of world will he inherit?

I get up from the recliner and place him in his bed.  I tuck him in with three more stuffed animals, and kiss his forehead.  He stirs a bit to get comfortable, and I leave his room. "Good night Carson.  I love you.  See you in the morning."

::

I often get asked why I speak out so much on this blog - especially during this To-Do List for Lexington series.  Behind the questions are a variety of thoughts about my motives:

• Some folks think that I must have an enormous ego, and that I believe that I have all of the answers.
• Others think that I must be preparing to run for elected office, and these posts are part of some sort of political platform.
• Some people - including members of my family - think I'm just crazy.

They're all wrong.

I may or may not have a huge ego, but I don't assume I have all of the answers.  I am perfectly willing to engage in democratic debate on these ideas.

I don't have the time or patience to devote to political office.  I've seen the demands on elected representatives, and the kinds of people they deal with day-to-day.  This isn't a political platform.  (Not for me, anyway.)

And, I'm not crazy.  Well... at least as far as my motives behind my writing.

The underlying assumption most folks have is that there is huge risk to speaking out, especially when addressing powerful interests in our city.  I could scare away customers.  The powerful could make life more difficult for me or for my family or for my employees.

And those risks may or may not be real.

But there is an even greater, very real risk in not speaking out, in being quiet.

There is the risk that we pursue the wrong kinds of economic development.  There is the risk of wasteful spending in the face of economic crisis.  There is the risk of choking off our city's downtown.  There is the risk of further stagnation in the local economy. 

There is the risk that Lexington loses what makes it a special place to live and work - that Lexington becomes less than it should be.

I find that those risks to our future far outweigh the risks of speaking out.  I would be 'crazy' to remain silent.

::

I want Lexington to be special.  I want it to be a vibrant, exciting, growing kind of place that my son can stay in and prosper.  I want Lexington to be better.  And I hope that you do, too.

That is why I speak out.  That is why I hope you will join me.  Let's craft a better future for our city.  For ourselves.  For our children.

I love you, Carson.

* I know that "te amo" is usually reserved for romantic love, and that "te quiero" is probably more appropriate, but this habit was ingrained before I caught my error...  We'll fix it later.

To-Do List for Lexington: 9. Do!

(Part of the To-Do List for Lexington series.  Click here for an overview and links to the rest of the series.)

Throughout this To-Do List series, we've talked about the kinds of things we need to do to make Lexington a better city, especially with regard to improving our city's economic development. 

In Get Real, we talked about the need to curtail boosterism - the compulsive promotion of our city at the expense of real, substantive economic initiatives.  Lexington needs to get a lot more realistic about what kinds of civic activity drive true prosperity.

We talked about promoting growth at home as the best way to attract new growth from the outside in Stop Seeking Saviors.  Rather than spending huge, speculative amounts to draw in new firms from outside the city, Lexington should target spending on growing its economy from within.

We talked about the multiplier benefits of buying products and services from local providers in Local First.  Lexington should prioritize local purchasing, development, and investing in order to supercharge its growth.

In Embrace Openness, we talked about the need for our city to adopt an open approach to serving citizens, including open access to data about our city.  Lexington should find new, more transparent ways of serving and communicating with its citizens.

We talked about how to grow, keep, and attract educated talent - talent which is currently bleeding from Lexington - in Leverage Intellectual Capital.  We must find ways to keep experienced and specialized workers - who contribute enormously to our economy - in our city.

We talked about taking advantage of Lexington's uniqueness - including the promise of the Distillery District - in Be Original.  We must leverage that uniqueness to make Lexington a city worth visiting and worth living in.

We talked about the need for intermediate-term strategic planning as a way to connect action to vision in Plan Well.  Lexington must make thoughtful, strategic investments with its public dollars.

Then, in Demand Accountability, we talked about how good initiatives get derailed and about how we must step up to make our leaders - and ourselves - responsible for keeping such initiatives on track.

While the list covers a lot of ground, it isn't comprehensive by any means.  For instance, we didn't delve into the importance of the arts in our community.  We didn't talk about becoming more environmentally responsible, and building a sustainable Lexington.  We didn't talk about how to improve conditions for Lexington's poor. 

Our To-Do List for Lexington isn't complete.  We'll continue to add to it in the months ahead.  There's a lot more to talk about... 

But it is time to stop talking.  Stop complaining.  Stop whining.  Stop planning.  Stop theorizing.  We need to shift from analysis to execution.  This is a To-Do List, not a list of discussion items. 

Lexington must start to do these things. 

We need to ensure that leaders from across the community understand and implement these principles.  If they disagree, that's fine, but they need to articulate why they disagree in open, democratic debate. 

And if they don't, we need to get new leaders.

We need to commit our time, money, and effort to applying these principles for the betterment of our community. 

We need to go build a prosperous, beautiful, livable city.  We need to go make Lexington better.

Who's in?

Next: Postscript

To-Do List for Lexington: 8. Demand Accountability

(Part of the To-Do List for Lexington series.  Click here for an overview and links to the rest of the series.)

Why don't more good things happen?

Throughout my career, I've had the all-too-frequent opportunity to observe how things don't work out - in academics, in business, and in local politics. 

A good share of the blame resides with 'bad actors' - folks who gum up the decision-making process and derail worthy initiatives.  For fun, I've begun a typology of these people.

• There's the Smug Know-It-All, who pretends to have all of the answers, and therefore doesn't need or seek input from experts or the public.  The Smug Know-It-All just wants to be 'right'.
• There's the Intentionally Clueless, who lacks sufficient information or sound principles for making strategic decisions, and who instead makes those decisions based upon personalities of the people involved.  The Intentionally Clueless just wants to be liked.
• There's the Do-Nothing, who struggles mightily to rationalize the status quo, and who hunkers down and defers decisions in the face of any initiative which promises change.  The Do-Nothing just wants to avoid doing anything.
• And, there's the Obstructionist, who actively blocks initiatives by constructing elaborate hurdles for an initiative, often by invoking process-related parliamentary maneuvers.

What is common to all of these bad actors is an unwillingness to enter into an open, rational, democratic debate on an initiative's merits. 

 Notice that none of these folks are engaged in solving problems.  Instead, they pour their energy toward squelching debate, often by exhausting or diverting their opponents' ability to continue the fight.

Attend an Urban County Council session - or watch one on GTV3 - and it is surprising to see how many of these bad actors are on the council or work for city government.   We were able to see versions of all of these bad actors on display during the Parsons Affair, when the council decided whether or not to bond the Distillery District.

Throughout Lexington's leadership, we can see these bad actors.  We see them among our elected representatives, among public employees, in publicly-supported agencies (like Commerce Lexington or the Downtown Development Authority), and in local businesses.

More troubling, we see this behavior among our own citizens - amongst ourselves.  We know it all.  We remain clueless.  We do nothing.  We obstruct. 

We are the bad actors, too.

If we are to build a better Lexington, we must declare such behavior unacceptable.  Then, we must make bad actors answer for their actions.

Lexington must demand accountability.  From its leaders.  And from its citizens.

::

How do we begin to make good things happen in Lexington?

By making Lexington's leaders and citizens accountable for doing good things.  Reward them when they do the right things; punish them when they don't. 

Sounds simple, doesn't it?  But what, exactly, do we do?  How do we really demand accountability?

Here's a partial list of what I think we need to do.  I hope you will expand on these ideas in the comments below:

• Speak up.  Let your representatives, neighbors, friends, and fellow citizens know what matters to you.  Write letters.  Make phone calls.  Send emails.
• Show up.  Make time to attend council meetings or local neighborhood meetings, especially when they address issues which matter to you.
• Inform yourself.  Find out what is happening in our city.
• Join together.  Actively look for people with similar viewpoints, and unite your voices.  One voice is too easy to ignore; a movement is not.
• Campaign.  Fight for your causes, and recruit others to them.  Lobby for your point of view.
• Call 'em out.  When you see bad actors squelching public discussion, don't let them get away with it.  Call out their anti-democratic behavior for being anti-democratic.  Make them think twice before they do it again.
• Vote 'em out.  When representatives, public employees, organizations, or businesses continue to act in bad faith, deprive them of what they need most: Votes, jobs, or funds.
• Persist.  Bad actors are betting that you'll give up.  Make them lose that bet.

Gandhi urged us to "be the change you wish to see in the world".  William Johnsen offered this pithier 18th-century version, in 10 two-letter words: "If it is to be, it is up to me."  Both of them recognized that real, productive change takes place when we stop waiting for someone else to fix things.

If Lexington is to reach its full potential - if we are to build a better, more livable, more prosperous city - we must demand accountability from our leaders and from ourselves.  Especially from ourselves.

Next: 9. Do!

To-Do List for Lexington: 7. Plan Well

(Part of the To-Do List for Lexington series.  Click here for an overview and links to the rest of the series.)

Last week, Lexington's Urban County Council deliberated on the projects the city would issue bonds for.  When we issue bonds, we are borrowing money from bond investors - Bonds are new debt that we will pay off at some point in the future to fund today's projects.

In that bond deliberation process, one word kept coming up: Streetscapes. 

The council has earmarked some $30 million in new bonds for four streetscape projects.  In addition to funding the ongoing project on South Limestone (whose ever-escalating price tag now stands at $17 million), the council will fund new streetscape projects on Cheapside, West Main, and West Vine for $12.7 million. 

All four projects are slated for completion by July 1st, 2010 - less than 7 months from now.

::

Barely two weeks earlier, the Mayor announced a $12 to $13 million shortfall in the current year's budget, noting that - after several previous rounds of cuts - the city would likely have to cut services to balance its budget this time. 

Yet, in this economically-strapped environment, the Mayor pushed for (and council approved) a disruptive $30 million spending spree to make streets look pretty.

Why the rush?  The World Equestrian Games are coming to Lexington in September 2010, and we must look our best for "the world". 

This is boosterism run amok: In the mad scramble to make Lexington 'pretty' for out-of-town visitors next fall, the city is simultaneously 1) spending $30 million to make streets look better, 2) incurring $30 million in new bond debt, and 3) destroying $90 million of economic value by disrupting local business operations. 

And the next 6 months promise to be even more disruptive, as the four separate street projects further entangle downtown Lexington.

In the face of financial crisis, massive spending on discretionary aesthetic projects - especially ones which disrupt commerce - seems wildly irresponsible.  It is the urban equivalent of not being able to make the mortgage payment, yet getting a new loan to redesign the landscaping.

::

Last January, at the request of Lexington's Mayor, a group of citizens delivered a long-term vision for our city to the Mayor and to the Urban County Council.  Dubbed Destination 2040, the document outlined strategies and initiatives for maintaining "great city life in a productive rural paradise" for the next 30 years in Lexington.

I have previously written that I believe that Destination 2040 is destined to fail.  I make that assessment not because there is anything fundamentally wrong with the Destination 2040 vision, but because Lexington lacks the mechanisms and processes to realize such a vision.

::

Together, streetscapes and Destination 2040 provide a snapshot of Lexington's inability to implement strategic economic and urban development plans.

At the scale of decades, Destination 2040's objectives are too distant to grapple with in a systematic fashion.  It is too difficult to tangibly connect today's initiatives to the distant future.

At the scale of months, the scramble for streetscapes is ripped from a broader strategic context: Are these really the wisest investments for our city to make while facing a very distressed economic environment?  What emerges from such short-term focus is a series of disconnected, momentarily-important initiatives with spotty results.

Lexington needs t0 better connect its near-term projects to its long-term vision.  We need to invest in projects which fit within well-defined urban development goals.  We need to clearly articulate a coherent strategy for sustainable growth.

Lexington needs to learn to plan well.

Planning isn't very exciting to talk about, but it is critical that we do it well - especially when we are incurring public debt that we'll be paying back over several years.  So here are some thoughts on how Lexington can better plan its future.

Choose big, specific, near-term goals. 
Lexington needs to choose audacious goals, and then work diligently to make those goals happen.  Ideally, those audacious goals would connect to our long-term vision (such as that outlined in Destination 2040).  Then, instead of thinking in terms of months (like streetscapes) or decades (Destination 2040), we need to think in 3- to 5-year "chunks" and establish deadlines and accountability accordingly. 

Some examples:

• Aggressive growth of high-paying new jobs:  "10,000 net new jobs by 2014, adding $1 billion to the local economy".
• Dramatic increases in urban density through incentives which promote responsible infill and redevelopment: "10% greater residential and commercial density in downtown Lexington by 2015".
• Reclaim blighted areas of Lexington.  Encourage new growth and investment in those areas.  Capitalize on our originality: "Make the Distillery District one of Lexington's signature, must-visit places.  Target getting 20 stories about the District in national or regional media."

Don't just spend; make investments. 
Public money is a resource to be invested for public benefit, not a handout or slush fund to be spent.  We must evaluate discretionary public spending based upon what that investment returns (or fails to return) to the public. 

This was the massive failure of the South Limestone streetscape project - A simple analysis would have revealed the tremendous costs associated with closing a major artery to downtown for a year.

If we begin adopting an investor's mentality to urban development, we will ensure that our tax dollars are more wisely spent.

Invest selectively and intensively. 
To maximize the returns on Lexington's tax dollars, we should concentrate our investments in select strategic areas (job growth, for instance), and then allocate disproportionate amounts toward those investments.

This strategy yields two major benefits when compared to spreading public investment to multiple, disconnected projects. 

• It creates a self-imposed discipline on the ways in which we will spend public money.
• It lets us leverage previous investments, as concentrated cumulative investing can compound the desired effect.

Invest in factories, not fish. 
We can give someone a fish.  We can teach someone to fish.  Or we can invest in an infrastructure - "boat factories", if you will - to create the conditions in which they can reliably and efficiently feed millions.

Hopefully you get my metaphor.  If not, here's how my favorite charity, Acumen Fund, puts it with regard to generosity:

All too often, boosters promote one-time wins which give our city a short-term economic 'pop', but the hoped-for lasting effect never materializes.  Boosters usually hand us a dead fish.   Occasionally, they teach a few of us to fish.  That isn't enough.

When it comes to investing the public dollar, we must plan smart, sustainable investments - ones which keep growing and keep repaying the public for its investment many times over.  We need to identify gifts which keep on giving, and maximize our investments.  

::

By better connecting its short-term projects to its long-term vision, Lexington can begin to make smarter, more effective decisions about its future.  We can begin to invest public money wisely and productively toward crafting a better Lexington. 

Next: 8. Demand Accountability

Be Original. But Be Smart, Too...

(A fun little break from our To-Do List for Lexington series.  Click here for an overview and links to the rest of the series.)

Yesterday, we asked readers to support a $3.2 million bond issue for Lexington's Distillery District, which includes much of Town Branch Trail.

As part of the same post, we called for Lexington to "be original". 

But we didn't expect so much originality so soon.  And we didn't expect it to be so completely inept...

::

As we mentioned yesterday, the Urban County Council is in a financial pinch.  And it was deciding what projects to issue bonds for, including the ever-growing bill for South Limestone streetscape construction (now at over $17 million) and early 2010 streetscape projects on Main, Vine, and Cheapside, totaling $12.7 million.

At $3.2 million, the Distillery District bonds were relatively small, and the Distillery District was the only bond project which would provide infrastructure to spawn new jobs and new revenue - meaning that it was the only initiative which could provide taxpayers a return on their investment.

This return on investment is a principal feature of tax increment financing (TIF) projects.  Public funds are made available to such projects as those projects generate tax revenues back to the city.

Roughly two-thirds of the Distillery District's bond would go directly for public improvements for direct public benefit - building out the Town Branch Trail and improving pedestrian access throughout the district.  The rest would go for researching road and utility improvements along Manchester Street (the District's primary corridor). 

::

An hour before the council met yesterday, councilmembers were sent an ominous memo [PDF link] from a former counsel (attorney James Parsons) who formerly advised LFUCG on the TIF process. 

The last-minute memo appears to be a very deliberate misreading of the Distillery District request. 

It creates the incorrect impression that the developer (Barry McNees) could simply pocket the bond funds and leave the city in the lurch.  As mentioned above, most of the funds would go directly toward civic infrastructure improvements, not the developer's bottom line.  And the remaining funds would go toward research and design initiatives - also not the developer.

And the memo is plain wrong on the developer's ability to start the project - The Distillery District already has one active, successful entertainment venue (Buster's) which employs over 30 people and, in just a few months since opening, has drawn 10,000 fans from across the region.  Other, smaller businesses are already in place, too.  And McNees has a letter of intent from a major investor to start a new distillery in Downtown Lexington.

In total, the Parsons memo appears to intentionally mislead the council on the magnitude of "dangers" associated with the project - It appears to be a blatant scare tactic designed to squelch the Distillery District.

Good News, Bad News
The good news is that the council saw through the transparent attempt to derail a worthy project.  The bad news is that they only partially funded the request (about $2.2 million).  The council narrowly (6 to 5 vote) missed approving the entire $3.2 million request.

But the Parsons affair raises a number of troubling questions:

• Why was the former TIF advisor weighing in on this project?
• Why did he so badly mischaracterize the project?
• Were taxpayer funds used to craft this diversion? (If so, this taxpayer wants a refund.)
• Who requested Parsons' input?  Why?
• Was Parsons directed to magnify the potential dangers to the project?  Again, by whom?
• And where was this alarmist "DANGER, DANGER!" attitude toward TIF while Mr. Parsons was advising LFUCG on CentrePointe?

The broader question is this: Who wanted to derail the Distillery District so badly that they used such a transparent, ham-handed approach?  

::

When we called for Lexington to be more original, we wanted that originality to be smart, too.  The Parsons memo was certainly "original".  Smart?  Not so much.

To-Do List for Lexington: 6. Be Original

(Part of the To-Do List for Lexington series.  Click here for an overview and links to the rest of the series.)

Quick!  Think of a city you love (outside of Lexington).  Really savor that mental image.  Let your positive thoughts run for a bit. 

Got it? OK.

If you're like most folks, when you think of your favorite city, you think of one (or a combination) of a few key types of memories:

• Places.  You remember neighborhoods, buildings, parks, alleys, establishments, etc.
• History.  You remember important things that happened there.
• Products.  You remember things that they have or that they produce there.
• People.  You remember who you met and how they treated you there. 

I have the wonderful affliction of loving nearly every place I visit - but always for different reasons. 

I loved crawling through the historic back alleys (and patronizing the restaurants and bars) of Boston's North End.  I had the fortune of being there in a little Italian restaurant while Italy won the World Cup in 2006.  I remember the flags, the honking, the cheering, the flavors and smells...

I loved going to Tokyo with a couple guys I worked with in my last job, and visiting the temples at Asakusa and seeing the bewildering variety of Japanese people at the temple and at surrounding neighborhoods and markets.  In one of those inexplicable cultural moments, I remember 3 separate families awkwardly approaching me to take pictures with their sons (and giving me their sons' "business card" afterward).

I love Portland.  I love Austin.  I love Boulder.

More than anything else, I love the utter originality of those cities' places, history, products, and people.

But Lexington is the city I chose. 

::

Our city leaders often go on tours of "model cities" which Lexington might be able to learn from, including Boulder, Austin, and Madison.  In the process, they see many unique things to love about those cities. 

But too often, rather than focus on what original qualities Lexington should leverage, our leadership focuses on what those cities have that Lexington does not: "If Madison has bike trails, so should we!"  (No, I'm not opposed to bike trails; I am opposed to the mindless parroting of other cities' actions.)

Lexington must be original.

What impressions do we make on people when they visit Lexington?  What impressions do we make upon our own citizens?  What unique experiences do we create?

Here are a few which jump out at me.  I'm sure there are more I missed.  (Add your own in the comments below!)

There are the memorable places like no other - Keeneland, Ashland, Gratz Park, the UK campus, the Transy campus, Victorian Square, and the downtown pasture at CentrePointe, just to name a few.  (OK, I'm joking on the last one.)  I love the North Limestone neighborhood that Lowell's is privileged to be a part of.

There are the memorable histories of Henry Clay, Town Branch, the East End, and the Carnegie Center.

There are the memorable world's-best products - basketball, Camrys, horses, and bourbon.

There are the incredible people of our city - smart, thoughtful, hard-working, and funny.

When we're looking to influence how people - tourists, visitors, job applicants, investors, business owners, our own citizens - view our city, we need to amplify our best assets. 

And, when we are presented with the rare opportunity to leverage all four memorable assets  - original places, original history, original products, and original people - at the same time, we must jump on those opportunities.

Right now, we have such an opportunity with Lexington's Distillery District and Town Branch Trail. Many people still don't know that Lexington even has a Distillery District, so I'll offer a brief overview.  On Manchester Street, there are several old, historic, and distinctive distillery buildings and warehouses which were last used last century to make bourbon in downtown Lexington.  They used the water supply from nearby Town Branch, a stream which used to run through the center of Lexington, but is now buried under Vine Street.  Several of Lexington's best and brightest people want to transform the largely abandoned district into a vibrant neighborhood with entertainment, arts, shops, restaurants, and - for the first time in nearly a century - distilling.  Businesses are already beginning to open in the district, and one - Buster's - is an entertainment venue which is already attracting notable new talent to Lexington.  The Distillery District would also be the starting point for Kentucky's Bourbon Trail.

This afternoon (at 4 PM), Lexington's Urban County Council is voting on whether to issue $3.2 in infrastructure bonds for the Distillery District.  Issuing the bonds would not be a handout - the funds would be reimbursed through taxes on the new commerce that takes place within the District.  Also, the funds would be released incrementally - as new commerce takes place, more funds would be available for needed infrastructure improvements. 

The bonds would be used to create parts of Town Branch Trail (a greenspace and walkway along historic Town Branch), to improve pedestrian access along Manchester Street, and to look at how to improve utilities, roadways, and streetscapes along Manchester as well.  

Lexington is in a financial pinch at present, and there are many on the council who just want to "wait a while" for things to get better in the economy.  The trouble with waiting is that - often - waiting turns into permanent deferral, and projects never get done.  Unlike CentrePointe - of which I have been highly critical - the Distillery District has active businesses and active investors who are ready to utilize the improvements that this bond offers.  These businesses are poised to contribute far more than $3.2 million back to our city's coffers over the coming years.

::

Lexington has the all-too-rare opportunity to create a unique place in our city - the kind of place which ultimately would stand next to Keeneland, Gratz Park, and Ashland as one of Lexington's "signature" locations.  We should leverage our our originality - our unique and memorable places, history, products, and people - to craft a better Lexington. 

That's why we should support the Distillery District, even in difficult financial times.

Let's be original.

(This post is awfully late in getting up - If you don't have time to contact your council person prior to their 4 PM vote, please do take the time to see how they voted.  And remember that for the next election.)

Postscript: The backroom intrigue as the council vote approached.

Next: 7. Plan Well

To-Do List for Lexington: 5. Leverage Intellectual Capital

(Part of the To-Do List for Lexington series.  Click here for an overview and links to the rest of the series.)

Lexington is losing its minds.

At 100,000 strong, Lexington's college graduates represent approximately one-third of the population over 25 [Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2006 and 2008].

The University of Kentucky and Transylvania University churn out over 6,000 new graduates - including over 4,000 new bachelor's degrees - each year.  With 4,000 new degree-holders per year, Lexington should have increased this talent pool from 100,000 in 2005 to about 112,000 in 2008.

But we didn't.

Instead, even as Lexington's overall adult population grew by 9,000 in that 2005 to 2008 period, the number of college graduates remained stuck at 100,000.  (For comparison purposes, Louisville grew from 191,000 college graduates in 2005 to 202,000 in 2008 - growth of 5.7%).

Somehow, 12,000 graduates have slipped from our economy - far more than can be explained through normal attrition (retirement, death, etc.).

The explanation: Educated talent is leaving Lexington.  We suffer from a "brain drain".

::

In recent years, it has become fashionable for Lexington's leaders to talk about attracting the "creative class" to Lexington.  Coined by Richard Florida, "creative class" refers to professionals who work in knowledge-intensive industries, and Florida's theory is that this group of professionals drives economic development in "creative cities".  

When our leaders talk of the creative class, they frequently focus on diversionary amenities which will attract young creatives to our city - entertainment, events, and facilities which will make life in Lexington more enjoyable outside of work. 

While not entirely misguided, the problem with this approach is threefold:

1. It confuses cause and effect.  Is this creative environment really the driver of economic prosperity in American cities?  Or, more likely, are they the result - the pleasant side-effect - of a prospering economy?
2. The flagrant boosterism which permeates Lexington's attempt to attract new talent often comes at the direct expense of retaining the talent we already have, as Steve Austin ably points out.
3. It assumes that the creative class is something 'out there'.  Lexington already has a creative class.  And we must cultivate it here first.

Instead of focusing on amenities, Lexington should focus on crafting a vibrant economic engine which will keep the educated talent our city produces and which will create real demand for those amenities.

::

Who's leaving?

When we see that Lexington has lost 12,000 college graduates in 3 years, our impulse is to look for an exodus of newly-minted degree-holders, and to start thinking about what we could do to retain our newest, youngest graduates.

And while the loss of a departing new graduate's energy, potential, and future is certainly tragic, there is an even-more-profound tragedy which Lexington must actively address: the loss of the experienced employee.

When experienced employees with college degrees leave Lexington, they injure our economic engine far more than a young graduate.  Experienced employees represent significant investments in training, dollars, relationships, know-how, and, well, experience.

In aggregate, these experienced employees are vast pools of expertise which create enormous economic advantage for Lexington.  They have more income than recent graduates.  They provide more tax revenue.  They have higher property values.  They spend more money in the local economy, which creates more local jobs.  They tend to add more value to their companies.

This is the primary reason I have been so publicly critical of Lexmark's implosion.  Every few quarters, Lexmark announces fresh rounds of layoffs and "restructuring" which shed dozens or hundreds of local employees.  Many other employees have left of their own accord. 

Seeking employment which can utilize their expertise, these folks often leave Lexington.  Many who remain in Lexington are underemployed.  When so many highly-trained experts in engineering, software development, logistics, and marketing leave our city, it is an enormous hit to the local economy. 

Lexington must find ways to solve this exodus of talent (in both new graduates and experienced employees).  We need to be creative in how we grow, keep, and attract smart people.

Lexington must leverage its intellectual capital.

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How do we grow, keep and attract smart people?  We need to start by helping to create new local jobs.

There is a common misconception that all job growth in the US comes from small businesses.  But business size isn't the determining factor; business age is.  The Kauffman Foundation found that all job growth in our country comes from young businesses (regardless of their size).  Entrepreneurial ventures founded in the last 5 years drove all job growth in our nation's economy.

When we think about entrepreneurship, our focus is often (again) on our younger generations.  We are drawn to stories of Gates, Jobs, Dell, and Zuckerberg launching wildly-successful ventures from their dorm rooms or garages.  They came so far from such modest beginnings.  In Lexington, we see this youthful energy and creativity exhibited in Awesome, Inc. (who are awesome, by the way), a local business incubator.

They make really compelling stories.  But the meteoric rises of Microsoft, Apple, Dell, and Facebook are so compelling precisely because they are so rare. 

And they misrepresent the realities of the entrepreneurial world.

In another counterintuitive study, the Kauffman Foundation found that older, more experienced workers actually start new businesses at higher rates.  Other studies have found that the vast majority of technology startups are founded by people 35 or older.  And where do many of those older entrepreneurs come from?  Often, from large corporations.

So how do we create new jobs in Lexington?  How do we keep and attract members of the "creative class"?  How do we stem the bleeding of expert talent from our city?  Here's a starting list for leveraging our intellectual capital.  I hope you will add to it:

1. Fuel the entrepreneurial engine.  From experience, I can tell you that starting a business is daunting hard work.  There is the bewildering array of legal and tax implications.  There are a variety of financial hurdles.  And, unless you've done this sort of thing before, there is a ton of on-the-job learning about what you don't know about starting a business.

Lexington (LFUCG and Commerce Lexington) should strive to streamline the start-up process far more than they do today.  Our city should embrace entrepreneurs as they seek to create new jobs for our economy. 

We should help them flatten the usual barriers to getting a business started.  We should provide forums for getting enrepreneurs connected with other talents and businesses which can assist them in the setup and growth of their businesses.  We should give them open access to critical business data about our city.  We should give them some amount of preference in local bidding contracts.  We should provide them with essential training in operating their businesses (e.g., If they are brilliant engineers, that doesn't always mean that they are brilliant marketers or financial analysts). 

When possible, we could even provide them with financial support or space (such as setting them up in the plentiful space available in Lexington's Distillery District).

In short, Lexington needs to foster the conditions under which entrepreneurs can create jobs.

2. Grow our pools of expertise.  Our mayor frequently talks about how Lexington's 3 H's (Horses, High tech, and Healthcare) form the foundation of our city's economic development strategy.  Those sectors may be the right ones to leverage going forward. 

But when we think about stopping our exodus of talent, we need to think in more flexible terms than specific industries.  A supply chain manager leaving Toyota has a unique skillset (how to get things made overseas, optimizing inventory, logistics, etc.) which can carry over to a variety of other - not necessarily high-tech -  industries.  A marketer leaving Lexmark has a vast array of experiences with retailers, ad agencies, design firms, and product strategy which could be redeployed to, say, UK Healthcare.

In addition to choosing strategic industrial sectors, we should also choose strategic, functional areas of expertise that we can tap into as one industry wanes and another expands.  Some ideas? Supply chain, marketing, sales, engineering (multiple types), software development, etc.  (Add your own in the comments below.)

Not every employee currently leaving Lexington will want to become an entrepreneur.  But nearly every one wants a job. 

As companies like Lexmark shrink, Lexington should seek to actively funnel their fleeing employees to growing local enterprises like Alltech, UK Healthcare, HP's Exstream, or some new entrepreneurial venture.  We should inject some "liquidity" into the local job market, so that finding local opportunities is an easier, more streamlined process.  When we learn of new layoffs, our city should mobilize to keep that valuable talent local.

We shouldn't allow employees, especially experienced ones, to leak from our economy.  

3. Coordinate and amplify existing efforts.  Today, we have a patchwork of agencies and institutions which have missions to grow Lexington's economy and provide jobs.  We have one person working on economic development in the Mayor's office.  Commerce Lexington is given tax dollars to help produce new jobs, but is unable to show that they have actually created any.

We should coordinate such efforts in a more strategic, consistent, coherent, and effective way.  We should designate a person or an agency who has accountability for results - especially for job growth in our city. That entity should also have responsibility for fueling our entrepreneurial engine and for growing our pools of expertise.

And then - and this is really important - we must hold them accountable for the results they get.

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The loss of 12,000 educated Lexingtonians shows us that our city needs to work hard to grow, keep, and attract talent.  If we create the mechanisms to create new entrepreneurs while simultaneously magnifying our existing expertise, our economy should have the raw materials to begin growing again.

Next: 6. Be Original